Nasir Al Din Al Tusi
Nasīr al-Dīn Tūsī was a Persian polymath, an architect, astronomer, biologist, chemist, mathematician, philosopher, physician, physicist, scientist, theologian and put forward a basic theory of the evolution of species almost 600 years before Charles Darwin was born.
The links below explains in further detail,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi
